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Comparison of Uniform Trust Code, DC Trust Code, Maryland Trust Act, and Virginia Trust Code, with Annotations

  • Preamble
  • Article 1
  • Article 2
  • Article 3
  • Article 4
  • Article 5
  • Article 6
  • Article 7
  • Article 8
  • UPIA-UTC Article 9
  • Article 10
  • Article 11
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A

Subtitle 5 of the MTA differs substantially from UTC Article 5. Much of the common law of Maryland regarding creditors’ rights is well established and follows closely the statement of the law as found in the Restatement (Second) of Trusts.

Article 5 of the UTC is primarily modeled on the precepts of the Restatement (Third) of the Law of Trusts and does not recognize the distinctions recognized by Maryland common law limiting the rights of creditors to reach discretionary trusts, support trusts, and spendthrift trusts. In particular, First National Bank v. Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 284 Md. 720, 399 A.2d 891 (1979), provides guidance on the creation and administration of discretionary and support trusts.

Under Maryland common law, it is well-settled that limited powers of appointment are not property and therefore are not subject to remedies for the benefit of the limited powerholder’s creditors. See, United State v. Baldwin, 283 Md. 586, 391 A.2d 844 (1978) and Mercantile Trust Co. v. Bergdorf & Goodman Co., 167 Md. 158, 173 A.2d 21 (1934). In order to explain and support the provisions of Subtitle 5 of the MTA, a number of definitions are included in MD §14.5-103 which are omitted from the UTC. Those definitions are “discretionary distribution provision,” “support provision,” “mandatory distribution provision,” “power of appointment,” “general power of appointment,” “power of withdrawal,” and “spendthrift provision.”

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UTC

No equivalent.

DC

No equivalent.

MD

§ 14.5-507. Power of appointment.

A

(a) (1) A power of appointment held by a person other than the settlor of the trust is not a property interest.
(2) A power of appointment described in paragraph (1) of this subsection and property subject to that power of appointment may not be judicially foreclosed or attached by a creditor of the holder of the power.
(b) None of the following shall be sufficient to create a general power of appointment or a power of withdrawal with respect to a beneficiary or settlor:
(1) The beneficiary serving as a trustee or cotrustee;
(2) The settlor or the beneficiary holding an unrestricted power to remove or replace a trustee;
(3) The settlor or the beneficiary of a trust serving as a trust administrator, a partner of a partnership, a manager of a limited liability company, or an officer of a corporation, or serving in another managerial function of another type of entity if part or all of the trust property consists of an interest in the entity;
(4) A person related by blood or adoption to the settlor or the beneficiary serving as trustee of the trust;
(5) The agent, accountant, attorney, financial adviser, or friend of the settlor or beneficiary serving as trustee of the trust;
(6) A business associate of the settlor or the beneficiary serving as trustee of the trust;
(7) A power of appointment held by the settlor other than the reserved power of the settlor to withdraw trust property for the benefit of the settlor, the creditors of the settlor, the estate of the settlor, or the creditors of the estate of the settlor;
(8) A power to substitute property of equivalent value for trust property as defined in § 675(4)(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; or
(9) A power to borrow trust property for less than adequate interest or without security as defined in § 675(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

VA

No equivalent.

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